Potential Role for a Panel of Immunohistochemical Markers in the Management of Endometrial Carcinoma

BACKGROUND: In order to improve the efficacy of endometrial carcinoma (EC) treatment, identifying prognostic factors for high risk patients is a high research priority. This study aimed to assess the relationships among the expression of estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), Ki-67, and the different histopathological prognostic parameters in EC and to assess the value of these in the management of EC. METHODS: We examined 109 cases of EC. Immunohistochemistry for ER, PR, HER2, and Ki-67 were evaluated in relation to age, tumor size, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage and grade, depth of infiltration, cervical and ovarian involvement, lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), and lymph node (LN) metastasis. RESULTS: The mean age of patients in this study was 59.8 ± 8.2 years. Low ER and PR expression scores and high Ki-67 expression showed highly significant associations with non-endometrioid histology (p = .007, p < .001, and p < .001, respectively) and poor differentiation (p = .007, p < .001, and p <. 001, respectively). Low PR score showed a significant association with advanced stage (p = .009). Low ER score was highly associated with LVSI (p = .006), and low PR scores were associated significantly with LN metastasis (p = .026). HER2 expression was significantly related to advanced stages (p = .04), increased depth of infiltration (p = .02), LVSI (p = .017), ovarian involvement (p = .038), and LN metastasis (p = .038). There was a close relationship between HER2 expression and uterine cervical involvement (p = .009). Higher Ki-67 values were associated with LN involvement (p = .012). CONCLUSIONS: The over-expression of HER2 and Ki-67 and low expression of ER and PR indicate a more malignant EC behavior. An immunohistochemical panel for the identification of high risk tumors can contribute significantly to prognostic assessments.

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding travel health among Muscat International Airport travelers in Oman: Identifying the gaps and addressing the challenges

Although the majority of travel-associated communicable diseases can be prevented, the public health burden of these diseases remains significant. Relatively little is known about how travelers know and perceive the health risks associatedwith the travel and how they utilize preventive measures before and while Travel medicine- traveling abroad. This study was conducted to determine the level of the knowledge, attitudes, and practices [KAP] of Muscat International Airport travelers about travel health in order to assess the knowledge gap and the need for travel health services in Oman. A cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of 1 week using a self-administered questionnaire. The overall level of knowledge about vaccine-preventable diseases, food safety, and preventive measures against insect bites of the participants was inadequate. The practice concerning preventive travel health measures, such as the use of specific immunizations and antimalarial prophylaxis, was very limited, and influenced by some personal and travel-related factors. The inadequate level of travelers' knowledge and poor utilization of travel medicine services highlights the need for the provisions of specialized travel medicine services at the national level and to develop educational materials promoting the importance of pre-travel health advice

Essential hypertension among Egyptian adults

Background: hypertensive diseases represent a major disease burden in Egypt. The prevalence of hypertension in Egypt in 2008 among adults of age>/= 25 was 17.6%. In 60% of patients, hypertension is usually associated with cardiovascular risk factors. This leads to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Management of hypertension in Egypt is not easy because of treatment costs and inefficient primary health care system. There is a need for developing national hypertension guidelines to improve the rates of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension with the final goal of preventing and decreasing mortality and morbidity

Aim of work: to assess the essential hypertension status among the Egyptian adult population of age>/= 25 and to study the modifiable social and environmental risk factors, health consequences, and assess the cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular complications to help disease prevention and limitation of complications

Patients and methods: this study was conducted on 312 patients of age>/= 25 with essential hypertension. All patient were subjected to full medical history and physical examination that including measurement of blood pressure [BP] and fundus examination. Anthropometric measurements including height, weight, waist circumferences, and hip circumferences were also measured. Waist to hip ratio and body mass index [BMI] were calculated. Laboratory investigations were performed including complete blood count [CBC], fasting blood glucose, measurement of creatinine, uric acid and lipid profile. Microalbuminuria was also assessed. Other investigations including electrocardiogram and echocardiograph were done

Results: Male patients were 134[42.9%], while females were 178[57.1%]. Their ages ranged from 30 to 85 years with a mean +/- SD of 55.16 +/- 9.4years.Dyslipidemia was found in 152 [49%] patients. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction [LVDD] was represented in160 [51%] patients. Uncontrolled BP was represented in [73%], [66%] and [55%] of non-educated, mild to moderate educated and high educated patients respectively. Retinopathy was found in 121 [38.8%] patients, 76 [60%] patients were hypertensive diabetic and 45 [24%] patients were hypertensive non-diabetic. Albumin in urine was present in 20%of patients

Conclusion: strategies that enhance public awareness of hypertension and increase access to affordable medications are urgently needed. Prevention of hypertension needs both a population strategy and an intensive strategy focused on individuals at high risk. The complications of hypertension can be prevented by adequate blood pressure control with screening programs to identify the population at risk

Phenolic content of some selected lamiaceous egyptian medicinal plants: antioxidant potential and ecological friend mosquitolarvicidal

Phenol compounds are naturally occurring biologically active compounds existing in all plants had received major medical concern so development in research focused on their extraction, identification and quantification have occurred over the last 25 years; they constitute an important source of antioxidants and were used to help human body to reduce oxidative damage. Mosquitos-borne diseases constitute one of the major health problems worldwide. Control strategies involving pinpointing natural ecological friend, cheap and safe mosquitocides, mainly larvicides to stop their life cycle. Quantitative estimation of total phenol, flavonoids, phenylethanoid and iridoid contents of sixteen selected Lamiaceous Egyptian plants for screening of their antioxidant and mosquito larvicidal effects was carried out. The results showed that the most suitable medicinal plants used as antioxidants were Lavendula dentata L., Thymus capitatus L. and Thymus bovei Benth., which contain adequate mixture of total phenol, flavonoid and phenylethanoid contents, with distinct larvicidal effect in a descending order was T. capitatus L., T. bovei Benth. and L dentata L. by their adequate mixture of total phenol, flavonoid, iridoid and phenylethanoid glycoside content

Pulping of Sugarcane Bagasse Using Ceriporiopsis subvermispora SS-33 and Ophiostoma piliferum as a Fungal Bio-agents

RAGASSE is an agricultural by product from sugar cane after the cane is harvested and crushed to extract the juice. The utilization of bagasse as raw material for pulp and paper industry is increasing rapidly which also increasing pollution to the environment. In renewable resource to reduce chemical pollution, white rot fungi or lignin-degrading fungi was employed to contribute to remove lignin from raw materials. The aim of this investigation, is to determine the activity of white-rot fungi on bagasse as in in vivo biopulping or pre-treatment by comparing the lignin content of bagasse before and after the biodegradation in different conditions. It was found that the most favorable conditions for bagasse pulping can be achieved by treatment with propylene glycol [PG] 90% under pressure for 1 h or without pressure for 2 h at the cooking temperature 150°C. The mentioned treatments gave high pulp yield, with no rejects and low kappa number. The extractive removal of bagasse [10 mesh] by steam resulted to high weight loss, acid perceptible polymeric lignin [APPL] production and low kappa number. The biological 4 weeks treatment of bagasse by Ophiostoma piliferum at 27°C increased the brightness, breaking length and tear factor of unbleached bagasse paper sheets. when compared with steam treatment. Using mixed culture of Ceriporiopsis subvermispora and O. piliferum either from one or two-stage cultures for extractive removal and biodegradation of bagasse, led to the improvement the chemical pulp composition and the properties of unbleached paper sheets. One stage culture treatment increased the unbleached paper sheets properties which expressed as brightness, breaking length and tear factor by 5.6%. 0.08 km and 3.78, compared with the two-stage culture treatment results, which were 3.08%, 21.41 km and 3.69, respectively . The mentioned results were more convenient when compared with steam extraction method. Scanning electron micrographs [SEM] revealed that the biological fibers of the produced paper sheets exhibit a cleaner surface, high flexibility and conformability, which would be contributed to the good bonding nature

Evaluation of fungal xylanase and lignin peroxidase in bio-bleaching of sugar cane bagasse biopulping

FUNGAL xylanase and lignin peroxidase enzymes were used as pretreatment for biobleaching of bagasse biopulping treated with mixed culture of Ophiostoma piliferum and Ceriporiopsis subvermispora SS- 33 at 27°C for one week in MV medium as static culture before the pulping with propylene glycol [PG]. Some agricultural wastes such as corn cobs, wheat bran and bagasse powder were used as a sole carbon source for xylanase production. The maximum production of fungal xylanase was attained after 7 days- fermentation period on corn cobs medium at 30°C on rotary shake flasks at 150 rpm. The enzyme production by Trichoderma reesie NRRL 6156 increased 1.17 fold as compared with that obtained by Trichoderma viride NRRL 13034.Using 10.30 IU xylanase/g bagasse biopulp, produced by Trtchoderma reesie NRRL 6156, for 4 h at 50°C was the best xylanase pretreatment which reduced klason lignin% and increased the brightness % of bagasse biopulp. The solid-state HC-LN medium supplemented with tween 60 and veratryl alcohol in addition to 10 grams of bagasse pulp was the best one for lignin peroxidase production by Phanerochaete chrvsosporium NRRL 6361, the enzyme activity of this treatment [77.75 IU/L] was higher than that obtained using semi-solid [47.75 IU/L] and liquid [36.50 IU/L] state, after 6 days incubation period. The optimum lignin peroxidase dose, for the best biobleaching of unbleached bagasse biopulp at 37°C for 8 h was 1.54 lU/g. Using these enzyme pretreatments led to increase the brightness %, breaking length and tear factor 6.7, 18.89 and 12.7 % by xylanase bleached bagasse [XBB] and 8.94 %, 34.92 and 30.82 %, by lignin peroxidase bleached bagasse [LBB], respectively. The enzyme treatment of LBB and XBB led to decrease of chlorine consumption 40% and 26.67 % as compared to control. Scanning electron microscope [SEM] of bleached bagasse pulp clearly showed fiber that exposed to enzymes treatment had a more open surface and it becomes more accessible to subsequent bleaching agents. The biologicaly pretreatment of bagasse pulp with xylanase orlignin peroxidase enzymes led to increase in the crystallinty by 11.29 and 8.3 %, respectively

Phenolic content, antioxidant potential and Aedes aegyptii ecological friend larvicidal activity of some selected Egyptian plants

Polyphenols constitute a distinct group of natural compounds of medicinal importance exhibiting wide range of physiological activities as antioxidant, immune-stimulant, antitumor and antiparasitic. Yellow fever and dengue fever are mosquito-borne infectious diseases transmitted by Aedes aegyptii, the presence of yellow fever in Sudan and dengue fever in Saudi Arabia are threats to Egypt with the re-emerging of Ae. aegyptii in Southern Egypt, larvae control is feasible than flying adults. This work was conducted targeting estimation of the relative levels of total phenolic content, antioxidant potential and larvicidal activity of 110 selected Egyptian plants. The highest total phenolic contents were estimated in aqueous extracts of Coronilla scorpioides L., Forsskaolea tenacissima L, Crataegus sinaica Boiss., Pistacia khinjuk Boiss. and Loranthus acacia Benth.; they were 916.70 +/- 4.80, 813.70 +/- 4.16,'744.90 +/- 4.93, 549.00 +/- 3.93 and 460.80 +/- 4.02 mg% while those of methanol extracts were estimated in Coronilla scorpioides, Forsskaolea tenacissima, Crataegus sinaica, Loranthus acacia and Pistacia khinjuk; they were 915.60 +/- 4.86, 664.60 +/- 4.16, 659.30 +/- 4.80, 590.80 +/- 4.49 and 588.00 +/- 3.85 mg% respectively. Investigation of the antioxidant potentials revealed that the most potent plants were Coronilla scorpioides, Forsskaolea tenacissima, Crataegus sinaica, Pistacia khinjuk and Loranthus acacia with calculated values of 454.80 +/- 4.83, 418.4+/-4.16, 399.10 +/- 4.90, 342.5 +/- 2.72 and 239.7 +/- 2.91% for aqueous extracts and 452.9 +/- 4.94, 389.6 +/- 4.6, 378.48 +/- 3.84, 352.3 +/- 3.06 and 346.5 +/- 2.98% for methanol extracts respectively while screening of larvicidal activity proved that Coronilla scorpioides, Forsskaolea tenacissima, Crataegus sinaica, Pistacia khinjuk and Loranthus acacia exhibited highest potency calculated as 22.53 +/- 2.01, 23.85 +/- 2.07, 28.17 +/- 2.06, 31.60 +/- 2.93 and 39.73 +/- 4.58 mg% aqueous extracts and 18.53 +/- 1.95, 18.8 +/- 1.67, 20.17 +/- 1.85, 23.28 +/- 2.7 and 28.48 +/- 3.9 mg% methanol ones respectively

Curative effect of bone marrow cells transplantation and/or low dose gamma irradiation on liver injuries induced by carbon tetrachloride

Liver is the most common target for toxic injury. Toxic agents include chemicals such as carbon tetrachloride [CCl4] and trichloroethylene. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of bone marrow cells [BMC] transplantation and/or fractionated low doses [0.5 Gy] gamma radiation on established liver fibrosis induced by CCl4. BMCs of male albino rats were transplanted into 4-weeks carbon tetrachloride [CCl4]-treated and/or fractionated low doses [0.5 Gy] gamma irradiated rats through the tail vein, and the rats were treated for 4 more weeks with CCl4 [total 8 weeks]. Histological and ultrastructural investigations revealed that both bone marrow cells transplantation and low dose [0.5 Gy] gamma radiation exposure with continuous CCl4 injection had reduced liver fibrosis as compared with rats treated with CCl4 alone

Production of polyhydroxyalkanoate [PHAs] and copolymer [P[HB-co-HV]] by soil bacterial isolates in batch and two-stage batch cultures

NINETY TWO local bacterial isolates, from the rhizosphere and soil around the root system of bean [Viciafaba] grown in Kalubia Governorate in Egypt, were bio-prospected for polyhydroxyalkanoate [PHA] accumulation. Three isolates accumulated >/=20% of PHAs, they were identified as Pseudomonas flu orescens S48, Bacillus megaterium 7A and B. megaterium UBFI9. The tested isolates gave the maximum PHAs content on basal medium containing glucose and ammonium sulfate at C/N ratio of 30/1 after 72 hr at 30°C using shake flask culture technique. Two-stage batch were implemented with varying loading levels of nitrogen and phosphorus, inoculated with washed cells. Nitrogen omission of 70% led to increase the PHAs content by 19%, 3% and 8.5% using washed cells of Ps. fluorescens S48, B. megaterium UBF 19 and Bacillus megaterium 7A, respectively comparing with batch production on the same medium after 72 hr. The Copolymer poly[hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate] [P [HB-co-HV]] content level was increased when valerie/glucose [V/G] was 0.19 mol.mo[-1] after 96 hr being 25.97% and 20.11% by Ps. fluorescens S48 and B. megaterium UBFI9, respectively and reached 23.73% by B. megaterium 7A at propionic/glucose [PIG] of 0.5 mol.mol[-1]. The corresponding highest values of valeric content of copolymer at V/G 3.08 mol.mol[-1] were 63%, 49% and 45%, respectively, comparing with other V/G ratios by using GC analysis . Replacing glucose with 2% corn oil or 1% soybean oil increased the PHAs content of Ps. fluorescens S48 cells to 54.21% and 52.12%, respectively, after 72

Interrelation of antioxidant, anticancer and antilieshmania effects of some selected Egyptian plants and their phenolic constituents

Medicinal plants are the most potential resource of new therapeutic agents. They are diverse, largely productive, biologically active and chemically unique; among their constituents [polyphenol compounds group] one of the main determinant factors in evaluating the pharmacological potentials i.e. polyphenols display an array of pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, immunostimulant, antitumor and antiparasitic effects. Cancer is a dreadful human disease, increasing with changing life style, nutrition and global warming while current available anticancer drugs cause serious side effects in most instances. Several reports suggested the relationship between antioxidant, anticancer and antiparasitic effects; they suggested that they act indirectly through promoting host resistance, restabilizing body equilibrium and conditioning body tissues in addition to their direct effect on certain parasites involved in cancer etiology. This work was conducted for estimation of total phenolic, flavonoids, phenylethanoid glycoside and iridoid content of twenty-three selected Egyptian plants as well as screening of their anticancer, antioxidant and antileishmanial effects, the overall gained results for suggest that the most suitable medicinal plant used as anticancer and antioxidant is Petrea volubilis L. which contain adequate mixture of total phenolic compounds 88.7 mg% and flavonoids 50.80 mg% and also suggest that flavonoid compounds are the category of phenolic compounds possess significant antioxidant and anticancer effects while the antilieshamnia screening revealed that Thymus decussatus Benth. extract exhibited the highest effect due to the presence of flavonoids and iridoids in adequate combination where iridoid compounds 201 mg% and flavonoid content was 128 mg%

Efficacy of punica granatum extract on in-vitro and in-vivo control of trichomonas vaginalis

Trichomoniasis vaginalis is now an important worldwide health problem. Metronidazole has so far been used in treatment, but the metronidazole-resistant strains and unpleasant adverse effects have been developed. Treatment of patients with metronidazole refractory vaginal trichomoniasis constitutes a major therapeutic challenge and treatment options are extremely limited. The last 7 years have seen over seven times as many publication indexed by Midline dealing with pomegranate [Punica granatum] than in all the years preceding them, because of this, and the virtual explosion of interest in pomegranate as a medicinal and nutritional product that has followed, this work is accordingly launched. Natural plant extract purified from Pomegranate [Roman] was in-vitro investigated for its efficacy against T. vaginalis on Diamond media. Besides, infection women [18/20] who accepted to be treated with P. granatum juice were completely cured and followed-up for two months. The anti-trichomoniasis vaginalis activity of P. granatum extract [in-vitro and in-vivo] gave very promising results

Efficacy of two plant extracts against vaginal trichomoniasis

Trichomoniasis vaginalis is now an important worldwide health problem. Metronidazole has so far been used in treatment, but the metronidazole-resistant strains and unpleasant adverse effects have been developed. Treatment of patients with metronidazole refractory vaginal trichomoniasis constitutes a major therapeutic challenge and treatment options are extremely limited. In the present study, 33 metronidazole-resistant T. vaginalis females were treated with a combined course of metronidazole and tinidazole. Those still resistant to the combined treatment were given Commiphora molmol [Myrrh] as two capsules for six to eight successive days on an empty stomach two hours before breakfast. Also, natural plant extract purified from [Roman] was in-vitro investigated for its efficacy against T. vaginalis on fresh Diamond media. The anti-trichomoniasis vaginalis activity of both P. granatum [in-vitro] and C. molmol [in-vivo] extracts gave promising results

Kinetics of oxidation of [N-isopropylidene - hydrazine-s-methyldithiocarboxylate] cobalt [II] complex by N-bromosuccinimide and N-bromophthalimide in non polar solvent

The kinetics of oxidation of [N-isopropylidene - hydrazine-s-methyldithio-carboxylate] cobalt [II] complex by N-bromosuccinimide [NBS] and N-bromophthalimide [NBP] in benzene solvent were studied spectrophotometrically at lambda = 300 - 310 nm and at 281-297 K for a range of complex and oxidant concentrations. The reaction exhibited a first order dependence on both reactants. The detection of the initial cobalt [III] products which are slowly converted to the final cobalt [III] supports an inner-sphere mechanism for the oxidation of the complex by both oxidants. Under identical experimental conditions, the extent of oxidation using the oxidizing agents is in the order: NBS > NBP. GC-MS analysis for the reaction mixture after completion of the oxidation reaction indicates the presence of both succinimide and phthalimide as side products of the oxidation process

Chemical composition and insecticidal activity of the volatile oils of leaves and flowers of lantana camara L. cultivated in Egypt

GC and GC/MS analysis of the hydrodistilled volatile oils of the leaves and flowers of Lantana camara L. cv. flava [Verbenaceae] cultivated in Egypt revealed both qualitative and quantitative variations. Experimentally, twenty-nine and twenty-two components were identified in the volatile oils of leaves and flowers representing 91.91% and 95.24% of the total composition of both oils respectively. The major constituents of the leaves volatile oil were caryophyllene < E- > [9.76%], cineol < 1.6- > [9.37%] and pinene < Beta- > [8.15%]. The flowers volatile oils were caryophyllene < E- > [18.20%], humulene < Alpha- > [12.22%] and bicyclegermacrene [10.33%]. Comparing the chemical composition of the volatile oils of the leaves and flowers of L. camara cv., flava from different origins, seasons and even experimental conditions revealed that there are significant qualitative and quantitative variations. The larvicidal effect of the volatile oils of L. camara cv., flava leaves and flowers of was tested against the maturation of Musca domestica L. larvae in the laboratory at concentrations [0.0125%, 0.025%. 0.05%. 0.1% and 0.2%]. They showed mortality rate ranged from 80%-100%. On the other hand, 10-20% of the developed pupae emerged to adults. Adults' fecundity was in larvae given a concentration of 0.0125%. In conclusion, the volatile oils of the leaves and flowers of L. camara cv., flava can be safely recommended in controlling M. domestica 3rd stage larvae

Study of skin disorders among elderly attended to dermatologic clinic of health insurance in Zagazig city

No extensive studies are available in the literature on the eventual skin pathology induced in elderly individuals. There are many factors such as health status, hygiene, socioeconomic status, residence and climate which can play an important role in addition to the aging process. This sudy was carried out to identify some sociodemographic, economic and familial characteristics of elderly skin patients and to determine the environmental and hygienic factors and the systemic diseases associated with skin diseases. It was a cross-sectional study conducted on about I57skin diseased elderly [118 males and 39 females] who were attending the dermatologic clinic of the health insurance sector in Zagazig city throughout March[1999]. Data were collected via a questionnaire including questions about the personal, socioeconmic and hygienic factors in addtion to the degree of exposure to sun rays and the presence of chronic systemic diseases. This study revealed that the majority of the studied group aged 60 5 hours/day] more than urbans. So, elderly rurals were having infectious skin diseases [38.8%] and sun-induced dermatosis [15.3%] more than urbans. Also, the study revealed a statistical significant association between chronic systemic diseases and skin disorders.This study concluded that skin infections were the main skin diseases affected the studied group of elders especially males, rurals and those having chronic systemic diseases. Also, hygienic practice and duration of sun exposure were important contributing factors. So, this study recommends a preventive health education program for elderly population about self-care, personal hygiene and avoidance of long exposure to sun rays. Also, it recommends special attention for elderly having chronic systemic diseases especially diabetes to prevent their complications and to improve the quality of life of this vulnerable group

KAP study among staff and student nurses about infection control in Theodor Bilharz Hospital

The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of staff and student nurses in Theodore Bilharz Research Institute Hospital towards simple protective measures such as: Hand washing practices, recapping of syringe needles after use, and their awareness of Hepatitis B and C viruses prevention and control. A questionnaire is designed and distributed to all student nurses in the school [4l students out of 45], and to all staff nurses working in the hospital [39 nurses out of 50], with a total of 80 out of 95. Scoring system is used for data analysis. The overall scoring of KAP for the three items studied is below 80%, which means that they really need health education about these items. Thus, it is very important to create public awareness in the hospital community and among nurses about the concept of infection control. This could be done through formal and informal instructions and by organizing regular courses and posters. It is very essential to provide safe disposal of syringe needles in special containers, have facilities for hand washing during work and apply HB vaccine for nurses working in the hospital. Meanwhile, a highly motivated behavior should be enabled and reinforced through realization of the regulatory and organizational factors for better implementation arrangement, which all supplement the educational intervention directed to change rather than just planning

Study of pulmonary ventilatory and audiometric changes among workers in wood processing industry

The study included 133 wood workers who were randomly selected from 4 carpentries in the district of small scale industries [Alaasher city, Sharkia Governorate] east to Cairo city. Another 65 subjects were randomly selected from the street cleaners of comparable age and socio-economic standard as a control group. Both groups were subjected to history taking according to a questionnaire form, clinical examination of the chest and assessment of pulmonary ventilatory functions. Audiometric evaluation was performed for 36 wood workers and 22 subjects of the control group. Dust sampling and weighted sound pressure levels were determined at head levels of workers in the studied locations. It has been found that workers exposed to wood dust had a higher prevalence of chest symptoms and signs with pulmonary ventilatory measurements lower than those of the controls. The longer the duration of exposure to wood dust, the more the deterioration of pulmonary ventilatory functions. Regarding audiometric changes, there were statistically significant differences between mean hearing thresholds for both ears at all test frequencies of workers exposed to noise and the controls with characteristic dipping at the region of 4000 Hz. The study recommended the importance of ventilatory and audiometric screening as important tools in detecting the hazardous exposure to wood industrial processing before developing health hazards

Hazard analysis and critical control point evaluation of eggs and basterma meal

Hazard analysis is conducted for a meal made from fried eggs with basterma prepared as sandwiches. Samples of the meal as well as its raw ingredients together with samples from similar meal prepared under laboratory conditions were analyzed microbiologically. The obtained results revealed high significant difference [p